2022年12月22日木曜日

Listen & Write-Dec 22

What advice would you give to a younger student who wants to improve their grades?
Write
your response in three sentences. (50 words) => Speak

Friendship #3-Dec 22

Picking one best friend is not always seen as the ideal model – in some cultures, people choose to spend time with a wider group, made up of family and peers, instead of just one other person. In many small, rural societies around the world, children attend school with their cousins, see them as their close friends, and don't differentiate between friends and extended family, says Evan Killick, an anthropology lecturer. Killick has studied the social relationships of the Ashaninka society in the Amazon rainforest. In this community, relationships with family members generally trump friendships, says Killick. "In Western urban societies, that idea of having a close friend is important because you don't have those wider kinship networks." Ashaninka children only start forming friendships outside their extended family when they hit puberty and seek trading relationships and marriage partners. In the beginning, they are transactional relationships, focused on pragmatic outcomes, but they can evolve into strong emotional bonds over time, says Killick.
A recent study explored the different ways in which Russians and Canadians regard friendship. It found that Russians view friendship as a more intimate bond, rooted in trust and closeness, compared to Canadians. "The Russian model is one of fewer friends, but very deep, intense relationships," says Marina Doucerain, an associate professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal. The Canadian model places greater emphasis on respecting people's independence and fewer expectations on close friends. "There's not the idea that you will be there for your friend in adversity, no matter what," says Doucerain.
There are striking linguistic differences in the way Russian and English speakers refer to friendship, according to Doucerain. Russians only use the term 'friend' (droog) for people they are very close to and refer to people they enjoy spending time with as 'pal' (druzhishe and koresh), she says. In English, on the other hand, the word 'friend' can describe "a wide range of relationships." There could be a historical explanation for these different attitudes to friendship, says Doucerain. "In the Soviet Union, it was extremely risky to have close relationships, even among families," she says. "The solution was to have a few individuals that you could trust entirely. This notion of trust is very central to Russian friendships."
Whether it's a playground friend, an Ashaninka-style close cousin, or a Russian-style droog, having a friend and ally in life can clearly make a huge difference. For some, that bond starts in childhood. For others, it may take more time. But as Denworth points out, it's worth persisting – because it's never too late to find a best friend. 
(6) Restate the word by a word/phrase 
trump; surpass, outperform, beat, top
pragmatic; practical, realistic, reasonable
evolve into; develop, progress, advance, expand, transform
adversity; trouble, difficulty, hardship, suffering, difficult/unpleasant situation
persisting->persist; continue, carry on, keep, keep going, hold on
(7) Write the differences in friendship between Russia and Canada in one sentence. While …
While friends in Russia mean that they are entirely trusted and counted in difficult times, friends in Canada respect each other’s individuality and do not rely on them too much.
(8) What is friendship for you? What does it mean to you? 

Friendship #2.3-Dec 19

For children who have not yet found that special friend, there are still plenty of opportunities ahead. Friendships change all the time throughout childhood, says Graber. When best friends drift apart or move away, it can be difficult for young children, who aren't used to relationships ending. "There isn't a ritual for children to grieve the loss of that relationship," she says, adding that it is important that parents discuss this with their children and support them through the process.  
   *grieve: feel intense sorrow
(5) Rewrite the underlined quote in one sentence. 

Online Lesson-Dec 22

Kikutan  Day 57 Listen & Read-> Read aloud
Day 58 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:25 Blog How do children choose a best friend?  #3 Cultural differences
(6) Restate the words by a word/phrase 
6:45 (7) Write the differences of friendship between Russia and Canada in one sentence. While …
6:55 Study words/expressions
7:00 (8) What is friendship for you? What does it mean to you? Speak your response in 60 sec. (4-5 sen)
7:05 Inside Reading Inside Reading Book 2 Unit 7 Roving Continents #5
Study Words/Expressions #2  [But How?]
-> Read aloud Par. 8=> STT Par.8
(Reading Skill: Making Inferences)-> Read and mark the line number => Breakout
7:25 Read & Write-2 Unit 6 Reading 2 CD Listen
=> Blog What advice would you give to a younger student who wants to improve their grades?
Write your response in three sentences.=> Speak
7:40 Comedy Wildlife Photos
Lesson Review  Next on Jan 5

2022年12月19日月曜日

Listen & Write-Dec 19

[1] Listen to Par.1~4
What are the three things students should do to read better instead?
Instead of moving mouths, students should read silently. 

Instead of looking up the meaning of every new word, students should skip them. 

Instead of reading one word at a time, students should read in small groups of words or phrases.

Online Lesson-Dec 19

6:15 Kikutan Day 55 Listen & Read => Shadowing
Day 56 Listen & Read -> Read aloud
6:35 Blog Review Reading Friendship #2
Blog For children who have not yet found that special friend, there are still plenty of opportunities ahead. Friendships change all the time throughout childhood, says Graber. When best friends drift apart or move away it can be difficult for young children, who aren't used to relationships ending. "There isn't a ritual for children to grieve the loss of that relationship," she says, adding that it is important that parents discuss this with their children and support them through the process.  *grieve: feel intense sorrow
6:50 Inside Reading Unit 7 Reading 1  Pieces of a Puzzle: Pangaea #4
Study Words/Expressions #1  [Intro, Sudden Events, Wegener’s Theory]
-> Read aloud Par.5, 6
7:20 Interactive Geology Map What did earth look like millions of years ago?
Read & Write-2
7:15 Unit 6 Reading 1 CD Blog [1] Listen to Par.1~4-> What are the three things students should do to read better instead? > Instead of ~, students should … [2] Listen to Par.5~8-> Is it good to mark up your books by underlining, highlighting, and writing. Write your response in 3-4 sentences.
7:45 Lesson Review Starts on Jan 5

2022年12月15日木曜日

Friendship 2.1,2-Dec 15

Helping children develop strong friendships can be a gift with lifelong benefits, including better mental and physical health. Maintaining close friendships has a positive impact on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine health, as well as the immune system, research shows. According to a 2010 review of 148 studies, strong friendships provide greater health benefits than quitting smoking, losing weight, or doing exercise. Having a close group of friends and strong family ties reduces people's mortality risk by 50%, the analysis shows. Being lonely or isolated has the same impact on someone's mortality as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, according to a survey of 20,000 Americans. The Harvard Study of Adult Development, which started in 1938 during the Great Depression and tracked more than 700 men throughout their lives, found that people's satisfaction with their relationships during their 50s was a better predictor of their physical health later in life than their cholesterol levels. These findings show the importance of treating friendship as a "lifelong endeavor", says Denworth. "It is never too late to make new friends, but it's a great idea to start early."  
While some studies define best friendship as involving only one special friend, the findings generally suggest that it is the quality and attitude of the relationship that is the beneficial factor, rather than the number of friends involved. Such bonds can play a vital role in helping children cope with challenges in their lives and overcome adversity, research shows. Children who have a best friend tend to experience less loneliness and depression and greater self-worth. One study found that having close, supportive friends can help children from low-income backgrounds cope better with difficult circumstances. "Children with a higher quality of best friendship demonstrated, in association with higher psychological resilience, a better ability to weather the storm of being in a low-income neighborhood," says Graber, the study's lead author. "Their best friendships seemed to be associated with having better coping skills and a better sense of being able to change things about their lives," she says, adding that the findings for friendships among boys and girls were similar. However, the "best friend" title alone is no guarantee of a high-quality relationship. When a best friendship involves excessively discussing problems, it can lead to increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, according to a 2007 study.
(3) Paraphrase the words in the box
isolated
predictor
adversity
resilience
(4) Why having a good friendship is important for children? Write in one or two sentences. 

Online Lesson-Dec 15

Kikutan  Day 53 Listen & Read => Repeating
Day 54 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:30 Blog How do children choose a best friend?  #2 Health benefits
7:10 Inside Reading Inside Reading Book 2 Unit 7 Roving Continents #3
Blog Review MI
7:15 Reading Comprehension: T/F, Mark the line #, Correct false statements.
How Did the Continents Form (2:52)
7:40 Read & Write-2 Unit 5 Reading 2 Blog Review
7:45 Lesson Review  Graduation=> 1/29 13:00

2022年12月12日月曜日

Family Business-Dec 12

[1] Write the points why it is so difficult for family businesses to survive.
[2] Write the keys to passing down a family business.
[3] If you’ve created a new business, would you like your child to take it over? 
      Speak your response in three sentences. 

Write MIs-Dec 12

Write the main ideas of the article in 3 sentences.
Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, assumed in his theory of continental drift in 1912 that today’s continents were divided from one large continent and moved gradually to the current locations. 
The theory was well evidenced but how the continents had drifted/moved wasn’t explained. 
The theory of plate tectonics was proposed in the late 20th century which revealed that the earth’s surface consists of 40 tectonic plates that float on the mantle and move gradually over a long period of time.


Online Lesson-Dec 12

6:15 Show & Tell Presentation=> Q&A=> Comments in Chat
6:25 Kikutan Day 51 Listen & Read -> Read aloud
Day 52 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:35 Blog Review Reading Friendship-1.1, 1.2
=> 6:45 Speak about how what friendship means to you with an example in one minute.
6:50 Inside Reading Unit 7 Reading 1  Pieces of a Puzzle: Pangaea #1
Skim the text: Par.1, Subheadings, TSs -> Study the Illustration/p.99, Chart/p.100
Read Intro Par. -> Understand tectonic plates, mantle, and nucleus/core. => Image
L3 tectonic [tɛkˈtɒnɪk] landforms/rock masses resulting from distortion of the earth's crust by forces within it
of processes/movements occurring within the earth's crust and causing structural deformation
L9 mantle  the portion of the earth, about 2,900 km thick, between the crust and the core. 
- cloak, veil, sth that covers, envelops, or conceals; the mantle of darkness  -
=> Blog Read the text and identify the main ideas=> 7:05 Write the main ideas of the text in 3 sentences.
Read & Write-2
7:20 Unit 5 Reading 2 CD Listen-> Blog
[1] Write the points why it is so difficult for family businesses to survive.
[2] Write the keys to passing down a family business.
7:30 [3] If you’ve created a new business, would you like your child to take it over? Write your response in four to six sentences.
7:45 Lesson Review 

2022年12月8日木曜日

Before you read-Dec 8

- 3: Afro-Eurasia, America, Antarctica
   ->4: +Australia
           ->5: Africa-Eurasia
- Sub-division: Some continents may be consolidated or subdivided: for example, Eurasia is most often subdivided into Europe and Asia, while North and South America are sometimes recognized as one American continent.
- Subcontinent: Certain parts of continents are recognized as subcontinents, particularly those on different tectonic plates from the rest of the continent such as the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula. (Greenland)   
Pangaea [pændʒiə] the landmass that existed when all continents were joined, from 300 to 200 million years ago.

Friendship 1.2-Dec 8

Making friends
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop. From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests, and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. "They become better at imagining someone else's perspective and this fuels more intimate friendships."
Children often have a *pragmatic view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. "It is a 'love the one you're with' approach." "The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life," she says. "In adulthood, it takes deliberate effort to find and cultivate friendships." According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintances to casual friends, 90 hours together before they consider each other friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up. "Best friendship is really like falling in love," says Kennedy-Moore. "Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like loneliness, jealousy, and frustration."
If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any, she says, adding that this may be because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. "Kids usually make friends by doing fun things together, so you may want to think about your child's interests and seek out activities that fit [their personality] and could be done with other children," says Kennedy-Moore. Parents can also teach their children how to join in with games and activities. "The formula is: watch then blend," she says. "Watch what the other child is doing, then slide into the action without interrupting."
(2) Restate the underlined quote in one sentence.  
Children learn about themselves and others by having close friendships to develop skills to understand and interact with others.

Friendship 1.1-Dec 8

For many of us, the coronavirus pandemic revealed who our closest friends are. Deprived of social opportunities to interact with a wider group, we became more reliant than ever on a small group of confidants. For children, the situation was even more dramatic, especially for those too young to enjoy Zoom calls. Many missed their social circle – especially their best friends.
These friends aren't just people we enjoy hanging out with, they are the ones we trust completely. As children, we tend to treat them as members of our extended family, to the point where their homes may feel as familiar as our own. As adults, we know we can call them at a moment's notice to share the highs and lows of our daily lives. "With best friendship, there tends to be intimacy, a feeling that the other person is there for you, that *they have your back," says Rebecca Graber, a psychology lecturer. "It's about perceived support rather than actually showing up."
But are we programmed to have best friends? Research shows there are strong evolutionary benefits that explain why we choose to form such close social bonds with others. However, the precise nature of those bonds can vary considerably – and understanding this diversity can offer much comfort and hope to those yearning for a best friend, and struggling to find one. 
(1) Explain what the underline quote means in one sentence. 
Having best friends makes us feel assured even when they aren’t physically there to help us.

Online Lesson-Dec 8

Kikutan  Day 49 Listen & Read -> Read aloud
Day 50 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:30 Blog How do children choose a best friend?
(1) Explain what the underline quote means in one sentence.
6:45 Making friends
(2) Restate the underlined quote in one sentence.  
7:05 Inside Reading Inside Reading Book 2 Unit 7 Roving Continents
Dic rove: to wander about a place with no fixed direction; roam-> rover
crust: top layer; a ~ of ice, outer surface; ~ of bread
Target Words: accommodate, fluctuate, integrate, restrain, reverse, rigid
Reading 1  Pieces of a Puzzle: Pangaea #1
Before you Read World map Africa’s western coast and the hump in South America’s eastern coastline?
What is continent? Blog 
Preview: Check the title, headings, image/captions, chart-> Predict the topic
7:15 Read & Write-2
Unit 4 Reading 2 Blog Revise: if you think it’s ok to allow swimmers to wear any swimming suits in 4-6 sentences => Speak
7:25 Unit 5 Reading 1 CD Listen-> Speak in 3: Blog 1. What strengths did the Zamil family have? How did these help them develop a successful business? Speak your response in three sentences.
2. What strength do you have that helps you work in a group or team? Speak in one minute. => STT
7:45 Lesson Review  

2022年12月5日月曜日

Hi-tech Swimsuits-Dec 5

1. Write what high-tech swimsuits were about and what happened in swimming competitions in three sentences. 
High-tech swimsuits that appeared in 2008 made swimmers swim faster and float better. 
Swimmers wearing high-tech swimsuits started breaking world records. 
In 2010, FINA banned high-tech suits after too many world records were made by swimmers with high-tech swimsuits.

2. Do you think competitive swimmers should be allowed to wear any swimsuits? 
    Write your response in 5-6 sentences with two supporting points.

Online Lesson-Dec 5

6:15 Show & Tell Presentation=> Q&A=> Comments in Chat
6:25 Kikutan Day 47 Listen & Read-> Read aloud
Day 48 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:35 Blog Read to review Japan's huge army of under-employed ex-housewives
=> Revise => Speak your opinion about pet cloning in three sentences.
6:50 Inside Reading Unit 6  Reading-2  The Minnesota Starvation Experiment  #5
Vocabulary Activities-B. Complete the sentences-> Read and Identify the topic of each paragraph
Read & Write-2
7:00 Blog Review Speaking: What do you want to learn with virtual reality? => Speak
7:05 Unit 4 Reading 2 CD Listen Par.1~5 => 1. Write what high-tech swimsuits were about and what happened in swimming competitions in three sentences.
High-tech swimsuits that appeared in 2008 made swimmers swim faster and float better. Swimmers wearing high-tech swimsuits started breaking world records. In 2010, FINA banned high-tech suits after too many world records were made by swimmers with high-tech swimsuits.
7:25 CD Listen Par.6~7 => 2. Do you think competitive swimmers should be allowed to wear any swimming suits? Write your response in 5-6 sentences with two supporting points.
7:45 Lesson Review  Rin=> 6:00 on Dec 8

2022年12月1日木曜日

Japan's Under-employed Ex-housewives-Dec 1

Japan's huge army of under-employed ex-housewives
There are plenty of smart, educated women in Japan who could be driving the country out of its current economic slump to a stunning pandemic recovery. But the country's rigid hiring system - and male-dominated leadership - remain a huge hurdle, blocking women from the best-paid jobs. The country risks becoming a nation of bored housewives with university degrees, warn critics. Japan's own deadline to significantly increase the number of women in leadership roles by 2020, quietly came and went at the end of last year without even getting close to its target. Known as "Womenomics" and announced with great fanfare, Shinzo Abe's policy to create a "Japan in which women can shine" has largely failed. And not just because of Covid-19. Today, there is just one woman for every 10 men in parliament, while fewer than 15% of senior private sector roles are held by women - half the original 2020 goal.
Former prime minister Mr. Abe still claims the policy was a success: there are now more women than ever working. But what kind of work are these highly-educated women doing? Critics believe his policy had little to do with creating social change - allowing women to flourish at work - and more to do with an acute need for workers. Japan's working-age population has been rapidly shrinking since the 1990s. For decades, about 60% of women quit paid work after their first child. A mother looking after her kids full time - because her husband's income could support the entire family - was traditionally seen as a privilege. But as the Womenomics policy was brought in, mothers were already starting to return to work as their family incomes dwindled. Just 42.1% quit in 2019, pushing up labor market participation rates to 70.9% for women aged 15-64, rising to 77.7% in the 25-44 age category, government figures show. To support this shift the government launched campaigns to eliminate childcare waiting lists. It also pressured large companies to have at least one female executive. But there were no financial incentives or penalties for failing to take action. Consequently, many women are stuck in part-time or dead-end roles. On average, a Japanese woman's income is over 40% lower than that of a man, says the World Economic Forum.
Returning to work
More than half of Japanese women join the workforce with a university degree, almost the same number as men. But once you leave a full-time job, it is nearly impossible to return to your original career after a period of leave. "If you want to go back to work, you'll have to look for a job at a supermarket - somewhere a student would get a part-time job," says Yumiko Suzuki who works as a career consultant. Fifteen years ago, Ms Suzuki also chose to ditch paid work and become a housewife - a decision she didn't take lightly. Her story is fairly typical. After university, she worked just as hard as her male colleagues - which meant overtime, often missing the last train home, just to prove herself. But when she met her husband, who worked at the same company, they realized that to have a family one of them would have to give up their career. These days more working mothers are given an option to work shorter or flexible hours, something not available when she left in 2006. "Both of us were working around the clock. We knew we couldn't start a family that way," she adds. But after seven years as a stay-at-home mother raising two children, Ms Suzuki tried to re-join the workforce. It was a shock when she realized her time at home was seen as "a blank" on her *CV. She couldn't even get an interview. In the end, she had to gain three professional certificates before finally being offered a full-time job at a start-up. She now helps other women restart their careers.

*CV: formal/UK: a short written description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs, and sometimes also your personal interests, that you send to an employer when you are trying to get a job: résumé/US

1. What makes it difficult for Japanese women to return to their jobs or rebuild their careers after caring for their child or children? Write in three sentences.
- Male-dominated leadership/culture both in politics and business
    => Leaders tend not to respect or regard women as men. 
- Not enough childcare capacities
    => There aren’t enough childcare facilities where women can leave their children while working. 
- a blank on their resumes
    => Applicants with a long un-working period may not be regarded as competent as those who have continuously been working.
2. This year, the number of Japan’s newborn babies is expected to fall below 800,000 (over one million in your generation). Do you think companies should allow their employees to take longer maternity/paternity leaves to raise their children so that they can get back to their jobs after a few years of absence? Write your response in 4-5 sentences.

Online Lesson-Dec 1

Kikutan  Day 45 Listen & Read => Shadowing
Day 46 Listen & Read -> Read aloud
6:45 1. What makes it difficult for Japanese women to return to their jobs or rebuild their careers after caring for their child or children? Write in three sentences.
2. This year, the number of Japan’s newborn babies is expected to fall below 800,000 (over one million in your generation). Do you think companies should allow their employees to take longer maternity/paternity leaves to raise their children so that they can get back to their jobs after a few years of absence? Write your response in 4-5 sentences.
7:10 Read & Write-2 Blog Revise: What do you think being polite means? Write yr response in 4-6 sen.=> Speak
7:25 Unit 4 Reading 1 CD Listen-> Speak in 3: 
Blog 1. How does virtual reality help medical students to learn and experience? 
2. What do you want to learn with virtual reality?
7:45 Lesson Review  

2022年11月28日月曜日

Write Response-Nov 28

What do you think being polite means? 
Write your response in 4-6 sentences.

Online Lesson-Nov 28

6:15 Show & Tell Presentation=> Q&A=> Comments in Chat
6:25 Kikutan Day 43 Listen & Read -> Repeat
Day 44 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:35 Blog Review Writing about Why America won't go metric.
=> Revise => Speak why America doesn’t use the metric system in three sentences.
6:50 Inside Reading Unit 6  Reading-2  The Minnesota Starvation Experiment  #4
Read #1 -> Study Words/Expressions #2 [Semi Starvation, Slow Recovery]
Read & Write-2
7:15 Unit 3 Reading 1 CD Listen-> Speak in 3: Blog What do you think being polite means?
7:25 Write your response in 4-6 sentences.
7:45 Lesson Review  

2022年11月24日木曜日

Speak advice-Nov 24

Give a piece of advice to a foreign visitor.
Speak when and how to bow to be polite in Japan in four to five sentences.

Why US won't go Metric-Nov 24

Why America won't go metric 
Meter and centimeter, and kilogram and gram are base units of the Metric system, which is used in almost all the countries in the world now. One meter was originally defined to be one ten-millionth of the distance between the North Pole and the Equator through Paris in the 1790s. 
The imperial system was developed from earlier English units. The inch, foot, yard, and mile for length, the ounce, pint, gallon for volume, and the pound for weight are typical examples. 
The UK and Canada officially use the metric system but also use the imperial system. There is another country, whose economy is the largest in the world, that still uses the imperial system as its customary system. The US. If you visit America, you’ll find it inconvenient to convert the unit for distance, length, speed, weight, size, space, and even temperature to your accustomed measurement.
Read the introduction and the article. 
Write why the US chose to use the imperial system and why it still uses it in five to six sentences.

Reference:  US independence: 1776  French Revolution: 1789-99  Britain-France War: 1793-1815  

When Britain and France were at war in the 1790s, the US chose to side with Britain because it didn’t want to get influenced by the French Revolution and keep the Imperial system
Even though the Metric system was declared the preferred system by law in 1975, it was just voluntary and people, societies, and businesses weren’t encouraged to use the unfamiliar measurements
A poll in 2016 showed that less than a third of Americans wanted to convert to the Metric system. 
Also, the USA consists of 50 independently governed states and is big enough to sustain its preferred system. 
There is not enough motivation or pressure to change the measurement system from the one they’ve used since the foundation. (5 sentences in 120 words)

Online Lesson-Nov 24

Kikutan  Day 41 Listen & Read -> Read aloud
Day 42 Listen & Read => Shadowing
6:25 Blog Why America won't go metric 
Read the introduction and the article.
6:40 Write why the US chose to use the imperial system and why it still uses it in five to six sentences.
7:05 Inside Reading Unit 6  Reading-2  The Minnesota Starvation Experiment  #3
Review Blog the summary in 5-7 sen
Study Words/Expressions #1 [Intro, Basic Design, The Good Days]
Read aloud: Par.1
7:30 Read & Write-2
Unit 3 Reading 2 CD Listen-> Blog Speak in 4-5 sentences. Give a piece of advice to a foreign visitor: When and to bow to be polite in Japan.
7:45 Lesson Review  

2022年11月21日月曜日

Show & Tell Schedule-Nov 21

Your last Show & Tell 
11/28  Mayuko  
12/5    Kei 
12/12  Rin

Write a Summary-Nov 21

Identify the topic for each section.
A medical experiment was conducted on 40 healthy young volunteers in Minnesota in 1944 to learn the physical and mental effects of starvation.
The experiment took nearly a year with three distinct periods, well-fed, hungry, and recovery.
In the first period, the volunteers were well-fed and they were full of energy and motivation to do various activities.
During the starvation period, they were provided only half the required calories and became irritated, frustrated, and demotivated to do any activity.
The recovery period was the hardest for the participants because of the slow process and mental suffering.
The experiment revealed that hunger affects both physically and mentally for a long period. 
(110 words)